The 5 Most Common 3D Modelling Methods

3D modelling is the process of creating 3d models from 2d images or data. It is used in a variety of industries such as product design, film, gaming and interior design. The ability to create realistic digital representations of objects and environments has changed the way we design, visualise, and manufacture products. Not all 3D models are created with the same technique though. There are different 3D modelling methods, each with its pro's and con's. In this blog, we will cover the most common types of 3D modelling methods, their applications, and compare them with each other.

1. Polygonal Modelling

We 3d modelled parts of the bike in our better bicycles project using Polygonal Modelling

Polygonal modelling, or mesh modelling, is the most widely used form of 3D modelling in the creative industry. It involves creating a model from a geometry or mesh of polygons (usually triangles or quadrilaterals). The polygons are adjusted by shifting their vertices, edges, and faces to create the desired shape. This technique is commonly used in video games, animation, VFX and film making, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) based applications.. The advantage of polygonal modelling is that it supports very detailed and complex models. It also co-operates well with real-time rendering engines and is also flexible to design. High-polygon count can, however, be heavy on computing power, and smooth surfaces and detailed areas take even more effort, this can be combatted by using low poly models with higher resolution textures, a technique used in the video game industry.

2. NURBS Modelling (CAD)

NURBS modelling is a technique for creating smooth and mathematically precise solid models. Unlike polygonal modelling, which uses a mesh of flat faces, NURBS models use curves and splines to define form. NURBS modelling is utilized in auto and aerospace design, industrial product design, and architecture and engineering, CAD software such as Solidworks, AutoCAD and Rhino3D use this method to create accurate solid models that can be used for manufacturing purposes, hence the application in the industries above. The primary benefit of NURBS modelling is that it gives extremely accurate and smooth surfaces, and it is simpler to change curves without affecting the entire model. However, it is not appropriate for real-time applications like games, to 3d print the model or use it in a 3d rendering software it must be converted to a polygonal model, it is also significantly harder to model organic shapes with this method.

CAD model created using NURBS modelling for our recent project with Belgian manufacturing giant LVD.

3. Digital Sculpting

3D sculpting is a method of manipulating digital 'clay', where artists model using sophisticated software such as Zbrush and Blender to push, pull, and smooth, cut and inflate this clay to form a surface, which then becomes the 3d model. It's applied most often for 3d character creation, organic models and creature modelling in video games, film and animation as well digital and concept art drawings, and very intricate models for 3D printing.

image source

One of the significant advantages of sculpting is that it can generate fine details and natural forms, which is very appropriate for high-resolution models that are used in movies and cinematics. The process is also more creative and intuitive. However, sculpting requires powerful hardware to handle high-resolution models, and it is not well adapted to precision designs such as mechanical hard surface parts.

4. Boolean Modelling

Boolean modelling is a technique through which 3D models are created by subtracting or adding primitive forms (such as cubes, spheres, and cylinders). It is primarily used in hard surface modelling and architecture design. The major advantage of Boolean modelling is that it reduces complex shapes with the help of basic operations, and hence it is appropriate for precise geometric shapes. It has a tendency to create dirty topology unless handled properly and is limited to rigid models.

image souce

5. Photogrammetry

photo scanned model we rendered for Beholder Vision

Photogrammetry is a process that produces 3D models from a series of images taken at different angles. These pictures are processed through special software to produce accurate 3D models of actual real life objects and scenes. This method is also more simply called 'photo scanning'. Photogrammetry is used to present, visualise and assist in the preservation of cultural heritage, architectural and environmental artifacts, The major advantage of photogrammetry is that it produces highly realistic and detailed models with minimal manual handling. It is particularly handy when taking images of actual objects with no requirement for large modelling experience. Photogrammetry, however, is dependent on high-quality images and lighting, and handling big data sets is computationally intensive. Learn more about the interesting technique of photogrammetry.

Conclusion:

Each technique of 3D modelling has its strengths and is suitable for specific purposes. Whether you are an artist, engineer, or a game developer, it is useful to learn these different methods of modelling so that you can choose the most suitable approach for your job. With time, as technology improves in 3D modelling, new techniques and tools will be created, and it will become even easier and more convenient to use. We are seeing currently there are advancements in AI algorithm based procedural 3d modelling. What 3D modelling technique do you use or find most interesting? Share with us in the comments! If you are wondering what 3d software might be best for your 3d modelling needs check out our article on this topic! -